Law of Conservation of Mass: Matter cannot be created or destroyed. The number of atoms of each element must remain equal on both reactant and product sides.
Matrix Null-Space Solver: Converts the reaction to a stoichiometric matrix $A_{K \times M}$ and computes the reduced row echelon form (RREF) to find the non-trivial integer null-space vector via exact rational arithmetic.
Syntax Rules: Use standard chemical formulas like KMnO4, Ca(OH)2, Al2(SO4)3. Separate reactants and products with + and ->.